Hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is different than the hepatitis B virus, can enter a person's body when he or she eats or drinks something contaminated with the stool or blood of someone who has the disease. Symptoms of hepatitis A appear suddenly but are not followed by the chronic problems that HBV can cause. Hepatitis A is a small non-enveloped RNA virus that is transmitted by mouth (fecal/oral). It is endemic in countries with poor sanitation and hygiene. In industrialized nations, mini-epidemics occur in association with contaminated food and water supplies; shellfish are a common source. Sexual transmission occurs in relation to oral-anal practices.
Symptoms are abrupt and include:
Fever
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Abdominal discomfort
Dark urine
Jaundice
Children and young adults are most often affected by hepatitis A. The incubation period is 3 to 6 weeks and the virus is shed in stool for up to 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The illness is mild in most cases, and return of appetite and well-being are evident after 2 to 3 weeks. Treatment includes a carbohydrate rich, low-fat diet, increased fluid, and abstinence from alcohol until symptoms (including the return to normal of liver enzymes) subside. Acetaminophen can be used for hepatic pain.
Vaccine A vaccine is available and is required for individuals traveling in certain countries and in certain professions. This vaccine is available through the Occupational Health Office in Hudson Health Center. Please call 593-4747 for more information or to set up an appointment. Additional information can be found here.
Hudson Health Center Athens, Ohio 45701 T: (740) 593-1660
